BANKING SERVICES

a.Clearing is the settlement of debts between banks in the from of clearing participant of securities
b.Collection is representing clients in a scrip-clearing charge
c.Letter of Credit (L/C) is facility to facilitate international transactions
d.Bank Guarantee is a guarantee provided by a bank at the request of customers to meet customer
obligations to third parties in case of fallure
e.Transfer in the transferof money between banks both domestically and abroad
f.E-banking is a banking service that be can accessed througt electronic media,such as internet,SMS and telephone

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Islamic Banking Risk Differences with Pawn Shops

Islamic banking industry is currently busy to go to the syariah mortgage services. Islamic economists, Adiwarman A Karim, said that despite Islamic banking services in the same pledge as the pawnbroker Sharia, but the risk of mortgage business in the Islamic banking is somewhat different.
"In the settlement there are fundamental differences between management conducted an auction in Pawnshop Sharia and Islamic banks. Pawnshop Act may be made in the auction, while in Islamic banks because of a contractual relationship with the customers it can not necessarily do the auction because it has a different legal basis, "he said in Jakarta, Friday (30/4). Meanwhile, he added, in a colateral contained in the assessment of risk management. He said, is the best tool to calculate our own hands, but the bank could not rely on that alone. "Therefore there must be a compromise to use tool for standardization," said Adiwarman. On the other hand, he added, banks must also be careful to keep the gold pledged by customers. The reason, said Adiwarman, in contrast to the missing money and be replaced by the same amount, gold has a value of historical or emotional bond with customers. "For example, gold is mortgaged is inherited from their parents so it would be difficult for the bank if the gold is gone because it usually had pawned the gold value of historical or emotional ties to customers," he said. Nevertheless, the Islamic mortgage is to be one profitable product for Islamic banks. The reason, says Adiwarman, Islamic mortgage is quite simple such as loans without collateral (KTA). "In fact, Islamic mortgage is better than KTA because there's collateral and liquidity and when seen from a higher profit margin than KTA. If now the KTA 3 per cent, higher mortgage sharia, "

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About Franchise

Frachising (Purchase right of License)
In the present development of franchise businesses (Franchisor) is very fast and Rapid. It can be seen from the number of trademark companies that flourished in Indonesia. Both large companies and the ketch, local or foreign-made racing franchise their products. In Indonesia alone there since the 70s franchisesudah when the entry of Shakey Pisa, KFC, Burger King and Swensen. Business Franchise (Franchise) is one strategy in developing a business with broad market coverage. 
DEFINITIONFranchisng is basically the right to purchase a license. The advantage of this business because of the cooperation or sustainable business relationship between the buyer the right license (franchise) with a party that purchased the license (the franchisor). Franchising is a legal union between a license (manufacturing) or a holding company, the dealer (dealer) to carry out the activities. By franchising the company became part of a series of large, complete with names, product trademarks, and standard operation procedures.Franchising or franchise (from the French for honesty or freedom) is the rights to sell a product or service or service .. The Indonesian government's version, which is a franchise is one of the engagements in which the parties are granted the right to utilize and or exercise the right of intellectual property rights (IPR) or a meeting of the typical business owned by another party with a return based on the requirements set by the other party in order to supply and or sale of goods and services.Meanwhile, according to the Franchise Association of Indonesia, which is the Franchising is: A system of distributing goods or services to end customers, where the brand owner (franchisor) gives rights to individuals or companies to conduct business under the brand name, systems, procedures and ways of predetermined period of time in covering a certain area.
History of FranchisingFranchising / franchise was first introduced in 1850's by Isaac Singer, Singer sewing machine makers, when they want to increase sales distribution of sewing machines. Although his efforts failed, but was he who first introduced the business format franchises in the United States. Then, how was followed by another, more successful franchisee, John S Pemberton, the founder of Coca Cola. However, according to another source, the following is not Coca Cola and Singer, but the U.S. auto industry, General Motors Industry in the year 1898.Franchising is currently dominated by fast food restaurant franchise. This trend began in 1919 when A & W Root Beer opened the quick service restaurant. In 1935, Howard Deering Johnson in collaboration with Reginald Sprague to monopolize modern restaurant business. Their idea is to let their partners to independently use the same name, food, supplies, logo and even building design in exchange for a payment. During its development, business system has undergone various improvements, especially in the l950's which later became known as business format franchises (business format) or often referred to as second generation franchise. Development of the franchise system so rapidly, especially in his native United States, causing popular franchise as a business system in various fields of business, reaching 35 percent of overall retail business in the U.S.. While in England, pioneered the development of franchises by J. Wimpy Lyons through his efforts and the Golden Egg, in the 60's. Franchise business knows no discrimination. Owner of the franchise (the franchisor) in selecting candidates for its business partners based on mutual benefits, not based on SARA.Types of Franchising / Franchise, 
Franchising can be divided into two:• Franchising overseas, tend to be preferred because the system is more clear, the brand has been accepted in many of the world, and felt more prestigious.• Franchise in the country, is also one investment option for people who want to quickly become an entrepreneur but do not have enough knowledge of the initial devices and the continuation of this effort is provided by the franchisorObtained from various sources that there is some type of franchise business (franchise), namely:A. Trade name franchising.Franchise acquired the rights to produce. Such as: PT. Great River has the right to manufacture Triumph lingerie brand under license from Germany.2. Product distribution franchisingFranchise acquired the rights for distribution in certain areas, such as soft drinks, cosmetics.3. Pure franchising / business formatFranchise acquired the rights entirely, from the trademark, sales, equipment, operating methods, marketing strategies, management and technical assistance, quality control, etc.. Eg restaurant, fast food, education, and consulting.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Franchising
 Franchising business benefits include:- Financial assistance from the franchisor.- Brand name and reputation.- Businesses have woken- Standardization of quality.- Low production costs.- Readiness of management.- Management and technical assistance.- Profit is higher.- Protection of the region.- Obtain the benefits of market research and product development.- The risk of failing small.

 Franchising loss- Sometimes the franchisor's training program is far from expectations.- Franchisor have little freedom.
Franchisor assistance provided such as:A. Management and staff training and recruitment of employees.Training provided to management and the subordinates who operate the franchise to provide service, product, and quality in accordance with franchisornya.2. The selection and assessmentIn relation to the level of population, per capita income figures, ethnic background, traffic flow, distance to the rival, parking lots, etc..3. The design of facilities and building plans.In order to place a franchise similar to the original in terms of layout and decoration of the place.4. Specification of equipment and products.In connection with efforts to keep the same quality, in addition to controlling the amount of sales, franchise is required to purchase a variety of products made under the "secret recipe".5. Promotion and advertising support.In this case, frenchisor shall coordinate and be responsible for advertising and promotion by franchisenya. In general, advertising costs are shared by all outlets that exist in a country / region, which ranges from 1% to 6% of sales.6. Assistance in opening a franchise.For this purpose, the franchisor will give you advice in terms of staff, facilities and materials needed.7. Assistance in funding.In general, the franchisor has a good relationship with the bank. This state funding will allow the franchise to the loan terms that are lighter.8. Ongoing supervision.Record keeping and accounting, consulting, inspection and standards, promotion, quality control, legal advice, research and source material.
Here are some examples Franchise in Indonesia.Local FranchiseFast food: Fried chicken Tanzil Ny, California Fried Chicken, Beef Bowl, Isabento, Mister Bugger.Restaurant / café / bar: Mbok Berek Fried chicken, fried chicken Ny. Suharti, Ice stoned 77, Delly Joy, King Fried Chicken & Steak, Laura Arfura, Mie Tek Tek.Pizza / ice cream / donuts / cakes: Holland Bakery, Croisant de France, Nilla Chandra cakes.Education: PrimagamaForeign franchising.Fast Food: KFC, Texas Fried Chicken, Mc. Donald, A & W, Wendyis, HRestaurant / café / bar: Red Lobster, Panderosa, Sizzler, Hong Bin Lao, Black Angus, Fashion Café, Hard RockPizza / ice cream / Youghurt / donut: Pizza Hut, Round Table pizza, Jolli Bee, Baskin, Robins, Dunkin Donuts, Swensens, Yogen FruzzSoft drinks: Green spot, Coca Cola, Pepsi Cola, Gatorade
Line of Business Potential Franchis / FranchiseA. Automotive Products and Services.2. Assistance and Business Services3. Construction Products and Services.4. Educational services5. Recreation and Leisure.6. Fast Food and Take Away (Fast food).7. Food Stalls (Food Stan).8. Health Care.9. Cleaning services10. Retail

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Definition of Economic System

According Dumairy (1966), The economic system is a system that regulates and economic relationships between people with a set of institutions in an order of life, then it says also that an economic system does not have to stand alone, but relates to philosophy, outlook and lifestyle of the community in which stand.Various kinds of economic systems• the traditional economic systemTraditional economic system is an economic system imposed by traditional society for generations, relying on nature and labor.Characteristics:- There is no division of labor- The exchange of the barter- Types of production in accordance with the requirements- Soil as a source of life and prosperity- Characteristically family• The economic system of commandSystem of command economy is an economic system in which the role of government is very dominant and influential in controlling the economy.Characteristics:- All means of production controlled by the state- Economic policy is set by the state- The government regulates the production, distribution and consumption- Under-recognized private property rights• The system of market economySystem of market economy is an economic system in which the activities of production, consumption and distribution is done by private parties.Characteristics:- The factors of production owned by the public (private)- Price is determined by the market mechanism- The role of capital is critical- Based on individual freedom- Creativity is not limited to individual- Every economic activity is based on earnings• System of a mixed economySystem of mixed economy is an economic system in which government and private (community) interact in solving economic problems.Characteristics:- Individual property rights are the factors of production are recognized, but there are restrictions from the government- Freedom for individuals to try to stay there so that every individual has the right to develop their creativity in accordance with its capabilities- Public interest is preferred- Government intervention in the economy just about the factors that dominate the life of the people• The economic system fascismFascism is an economic system that puts people understand themselves and contempt for other nations, in other words, fascism is an attitude of excessive rationalism.
Each state has an economic system. Profess that each State System is the result of the country's national agreement. Usually based on a proper system of law of that State-owned.In the sense of a system of Economics adalahstrategi State to regulate economic life in order to prosper his people.Economic systems are generally in common use (particularly in Indonesia:a. Free market economic systemFree market economic system is the regulation of economic life left to market mechanisms.b. Centrally planned economic systemSystem of central planning economy is an economy setting is governed directly by the State.c. Mixed Economic SystemMixed economic system is managed by setting the private economy and government.d. Islamic Economicsis a social science that studies the economic problems of the people who dilhami by Islamic values. Islamic economics or cooperative economic system different from capitalism, socialism, and the welfare state (Welfare State). Islam is different from capitalism as opposed to exploitation by capitalists to poor workers, and prohibits the accumulation of wealth. In addition, the glass eyes of Islamic economics is the demands of life as well as the suggestion that has a dimension of worship.

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CPA role in modern business

Are you under the condition of the financial crisis? It may seem a common problem in the introductory stage but can cause some major complications later. For the purpose of which would be a great idea for you to take help later. For the purpose of which would be a great idea for you to take the help of a certified public accountant who is an expert in this field and can provide the best solution for your monetary problems. If you are an entrepreneur, it is clear that you have to deal with financial issues such as preparation of financial statements, tax payments on time and the recording of daily transactions. If you are not experienced with all tax laws and procedures, can be dangerous for you because you may have to face some serious financial losses in the future. Then it will be one wise idea to ask for help from one of the professional CPA renowned institutions. Become an expert in the field of taxation and salary, he can show the right way to solve all the financial complications.


Any business associated with some risk and uncertainty today. Therefore, managing a business event in spite of the risks of business has become one of the major challenges for all businesses. In order to be free from all such risks and uncertainties, most employers prefer to hire some professional experts in their business houses. In such circumstances it would be a good choice to ask for help from a professional CPA because it can provide the right kind of solution as needed.


If you're facing a problem while recording all financial transactions on a daily basis, it would be helpful for you to appoint a financial expert professionals such as CPA in your organization because he is familiar with all laws relating to finance and taxation, he could finish all monetary complications suit your needs. This is the reason most business people treat it as the best way to combat all sorts of financial concerns. This will allow you to be flexible in your trading operations so that you can run a trading operation smooth and easy to prepare financial statements without any problems.

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AGRARIAN LEGAL DEFINITIONS AND AGRARIAN

The word "agrarian" according Harsono,Boedi, derived from the word agrarius.ager (Latin) or Agros (Greek), akker (Netherlands), which means farm.
In general dictionary Indonesian, W.J.S Purwodarminia arrangement, it is mentioned that the word agrarian (E), Native to Europe, and the means of agricultural land affairs (estate).
Low in Black's dictionary, it is mentioned that the agrarian Relating to land or to a division or distribution of land; esp, from land ownership or land: Agrarian laws (problems, Disputes).
 
As an adjective, used to distinguish shades of agrarian life (economic) in the rural farming community of non-agrarian society (trade and industry in urban areas).
 
UUPA (Law no. 5/1960) did not give the limits of the meaning of the various formulas agraria.But contained in the legislation, namely:
a. Konsiderans "weigh" a and "suggest" a letter.
b. Regulation Article 1, Article @ paragraph (1), Article 4,5,14,16,46,47,48,
c. Explanation of the law.
 
Can be summed up some of the following:

1. Kat "agricultural" is used to describe the style and arrangement of life, including the economy, the people of Indonesia.
2. The material is arranged concerning the processing of the earth, water and natural resources including space in it.
3. The rights include the rights set on the ground (as a layer below the earth's surface including water) and body earth, as well as water use rights, as well as maintenance and fishing rights to the space.

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LAW AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

UNDERSTANDING THE LAWLaw as the ruler's decision: that the process involving discretionary decisions for certain acts within the state administration. As a tangle of legal values, namely the tangle of abstract conceptions of what is considered good and bad (moral respect). Follow the law as well as a fixed attitude or perikelakuan a 'regular' ie perikelakuan repeated in the same way, which aims to achieve peace and justice. So the law can be summed up as rules of behavior that can be applied / implemented to regulate the relations between humans and between humans and their societies. So the law was created:A. Guarantee of social stability: set a specific behavior.2. Guarantee peace (security): citizens in realizing the goals of his life.
UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS LAW One of the important aspects in order to maintain human existence in society is to build economic systems that support the realization of life's purpose. And healthy economic system often depends on the trading system (System of trade and commerce) are healthy. Society therefore requires that the definite set of rules can be enforced to ensure the passage of the trading system (System of trade and commerce) it. Device codes of behavior that are considered most able to guarantee that the trading system is that legal rules can simply be understood as "LEGAL BUSINESS (BUSINESS LAW)". Trading system is essentially always associated with human efforts to meet its needs for goods and services (the need of goods and services); human efforts to meet the demand for goods and services that might be called the production process. During the production process is often interpreted as indirect production, in the sense that people tend to meet their needs with the help and cooperation of others, means that it contains elements of specialization and utilization of surplus. Through specialization, specialize in expertise, excellence (Advantage) which is in him; exploit the time factor, facilities and other production factors intensively, efficiently and effectively. Through the utilization of surplus people trying to take advantage of the productivity to meet the needs of others. Based on the above conditions, the activities of trade (Trade) is basically an exchange of goods and services activities that take place within the framework of specialization and utilization of surplus. Trade activity is understood as a business activity (business) for: activities carried out in order to gain economic benefits.
Understanding Economic According to M. Manulang Economics is a science of society in its efforts to achieve prosperity (welfare state where people can meet the needs both of goods and services.
Economic Law
 Economic law was born as the rapid growth and economic development. Sunaryati Hahrtono said that Economic Law is a translation of the economic law of social development and economic law, so that the economic law has two aspects, as follows.:Aspects of regulation of economic development efforts, in terms of the overall increase in economic life.Aspects of setting-sharing efforts of economic development evenly among all levels of society.
Economic Law of Indonesia can be divided into two, namely:Economic development of the law, law and regulation covering legal thinking on ways of life improvement and development of Indonesia.Social economic law, law relating to regulation of legal thought on the distribution of development results in a fair and equitable.While it adheres to the principle of economic law, as follows:1.Asas tuha faith and devotion to the Almighty,2.Asas benefits,3.Asas Pancasila democracy,4.Asas fair and equitable,5.Asas balance, harmony, harmony, in livelihoods,6.Asas law,7.Asas kemadirian,8.Asas finance,9.Asas science,10.Asas togetherness, family, balance, and balance in people's welfare,11.Asas economic development of environmentally sound and sustainable12.Asas independence-minded citizenship

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Legal Engagement

I. EngagementEngagement is a legal relationship that occurs between two people (party) or more, namely that a party entitled to performance and other parties shall meet the performance, and vice versa. Agreement is an event where one party promises to another party to carry out a thing. This agreement arises from an event of the legal relationship between the two sides. This is called a legal relationship with the engagement. In other words, the relationship of the engagement with the agreement is an agreement that caused binding. Agreement is one of the most widely caused binding, because the legal system adheres to the agreement is open. Therefore, each member of a free society to have an agreement.II. Legal basis of the engagementThe legal basis of the engagement based on Civil Code there are three sources are as follows:A. Commitment arising from the agreement (the agreement).2. Commitment arising from the legislation.3. Engagements occurred not agreement.III. Principles in the Law of the engagementLegal principles in the agreement set forth in Civil Code Book III, which adheres to the principle of freedom of contract and the principle konsensualisme.# The principle of freedom of contract principle of freedom of contract is an agreement that all things are made lawful for the parties to make and apply the law to those who make it. Thus, this method is said to be an open system, meaning that in making this agreement the parties are allowed to determine the content of the agreement and the laws of their own, with restrictions that made the agreement must not conflict with the provisions of law, public order, and obscenity.Principle # konsesualisme konsensualisme principle, meaning that the treaty had been born at the time of reaching an agreement between the parties concerning the subject matters and does not require anything formality. Thus, the principle of common konsesualisme concluded under Article 1320 Civil Code, a legal contract for the required four terms are an agreement between the parties to bind themselves, able to create your an agreement, concerning a certain thing, and a lawful cause. Abolishment of the engagement of the engagement that can be removed if it meets the criteria in accordance with article 1381 Civil Code.
There are ten ways the removal of an engagement are as follows:A. Payment of any compliance agreement is voluntary.2. Offers cash payment followed by storage or safekeeping.3. Renewal of debt.4. Encounter debt or compensation.5. Mixture of debt.6. Debt relief.7. Destruction of goods that are owed.8. Cancel / cancellation.9. Enactment of a null condition.10. Through time.11. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)

 Law of treatiesUnderstanding AgreementA. According to the Civil Law Act Agreement pursuant to Section 1313 Book of the Civil Code Act reads: "An agreement is an act by which one or more persons bind themselves to one or more other people."
2. According to Rutten Agreement are legal acts that occur in accordance with the formalities of the existing legal regulations, the statement will depend on the agreement of two or more people who are devoted to the emergence of legal consequences for the interests of one party at the expense of other parties or the interests and the burden of each party reciprocally.

 3. According to the agreement by indigenous peoples here is an agreement whereby the homeowner gives permission to others to use his house as a place of residence with rental payments behind (or upfront payment are also possible).
Sort - sort of agreement1). Agreement with Free of Charge and the agreement with the load2). Unilateral agreements and reciprocal agreements3). Konsensuil agreements, formal and, the real4). Treaty named, not named, and, mixed.
Conditions of validity of the agreement according to Article 1320 Book of the Civil Code Act, the agreement must meet the four validity requirements are:A. Agree to bind themselves2. Skills to make a deal.3. A certain thing4. For a kosherThe first two requirements that the agreements and skills called subjective conditions. While the latter two conditions called objective terms, because the agreement itself or the object of legal actions undertaken.Implementation of Agreement
Good faith clause in Article 1338 (3) Civil Code is an objective measure to assess the implementation of the agreement, meaning the implementation of the agreement must heed the norms of propriety and decency. One of them is to acquire the property sale.
Implementation of the agreement is the fulfillment of the rights and obligations that have been agreed by the parties to the agreement it reached its destination. So it has a binding agreement and force. Agreement has been made legally binding on the parties, the agreement should not be regulated or be terminated unilaterally.
Cancellation AgreementAn agreement may be canceled by either party to make an appointment or null and void. Agreement is canceled by either party usually happens because;A. The existence of a breach and violation is not corrected within the time specified or can not be repaired.2. First hand look at the possibility of a second party bankrupt or financially unable to meet its obligations.3. Relevant resolution or court order4. The law involved5. No longer have a license, skill, or authority in implementing the agreement

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LAW OF TRADE INDONESIA

Trade or Commerce in general is a job to buy goods from one place or at a time and sell it elsewhere or at the following times with the intention of a profit.In the modern era this is the provision of intermediary trade between producers and consumers to buy and sell goods that facilitate and promote the purchase and sale.There are several kinds of mediation provision to producers and consumers:A. Work of those intermediaries as a broker, commissioner, mobile vendors and so forth.2. Establishment of enterprises (associations), such as a limited liability company (PT), the company firm (VOF = Fa) Commanditaire Company, etc. which aim to promote trade.3. Transport in the interests of both commercial traffic on land, sea or air.4. Coverage (insurance) associated with the transport, so the trader can cover the risk of transportation with insurance.5. Bankers to the mediation of trade spend.6. Using commercial letters (Bills / Checks) to make payments in an easy way and to obtain credit.In essence Trading has a duty to:A. Carrying / moving stuff from the excess (surplus) to the needy (minus).2. Move goods from producers to consumers.3. Accumulate and store the stuff in the future surplus to shortage threatening danger.The division of this type of trade, namely:A. According to the work performed merchants.a. Collect trade (producer - wholesaler - wholesaler - exporter)b. Mention of trade (importers - wholesalers - merchants medium - consumers)2. According to the type of goods tradeda. Trade of goods, intended to meet the physical needs of human (agriculture, mining, manufacturing)b. Trade books, music and art.c. Trade money and valuable papers (stock exchange)3. According to the area, where trading is donea. Domestic trade.b. Foreign trade (international trade), include:- Export Trade- Import Tradec. Continued trade (transit trade)
 SOURCES OF THE LAW OF TRADE INDONESIA
  Legal arrangements in the Book of the Law Codification of Civil Law (Civil Code) The provisions of the Civil Code clearly a source of commercial law is Book III of the engagement. It's understandable, because as it says HMN Purwosutjipto that commercial law is the law arising within the scope of the company. In addition to Book III, several sections of the Civil Code Book II of the museum is also a source of commercial law, such as Title XXI of the Mortgage. Settings in the Book of the Law of Commercial Law (Commercial code) KUHD development in India which came into effect on May 1, 1848 is divided into two books and 23 chapters. KUHD clearly listed in the implementation and specialization of the branches of commercial law rooted in the Book of the Law Commercial Law The contents of the subject than KUHD Indonesia is the first book titled About Trade Generally, that includes 10 chapters. The second book titled On the Rights and Obligations of the Publication of the Admiralty, consists of 13 chapters. Codification setting outside sources of commercial law that are beyond the codification of which are as follows: - Law no. 1 of 1995 Limited company - Law no. 8 Year 1995 concerning Capital Market - Law no. 8 of 1997 on Corporate DocumentsPractice of law is a habit that is often done by law and are subject to public opinion and lead to sanctions if it does not do the habit.
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSIn law, intellectual property included in the class of intellectual property law, especially the law of the object (zakenrecht) which has the object of intellectual objects, ie objects that are not tangible. The term Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is the equivalent of the term intellectual property as proposed by Thomas W. Dunfee and Frank F. Gibson which means a physical manifestation of a creative or artistic practical ideas and a certain way and get legal protection. World Intelellectual Property Organization (WIPO) defines intellectual property as an international organization which administers the protection of human handiwork handiwork in the form of both activities in science, industry, kesusteraan and art. The scope of intellectual property rights as defined by WIPO has a broad sense that includes, among others: - works kesustraan - performances by artists - Science (scientific) - broadcasting visual audi - Artistic - scientific discovery should be emphasized in the intellectual property rights know the idea is not protected idea, but the resulting creation of the idea or notion.

 Classification of Intellectual Property Rights;
 According to the World Intelellectual Property Organization WIPO, IPR (Intellectual Property) is usually divided into two parts, namely;
A. Copyright (Copyrights) According to Article 1 of Law No. 19 of 2002 on Copyright, Copyrights are exclusive rights for the creator or the recipient the right to publish or reproduce his or grant permission for it by not reducing the restrictions under the legislation applicable. Copyright is a privilege, because it is only given to the creator or rights holder. Others are prohibited from using this right, except to get permission from the creator or the person who has the copyright. In Article 12 of the Copyright Act, a work that is protected is a work in the fields of science, art, and literature, which include: books, computer programs, pamphlets, (lay out) of a published work, and all other written works; lecture , lectures, speeches, and other similar creations with it; props are made for the benefit of education and science; songs or music with or without text; drama or musical drama, dance, choreography, puppetry, and pantomime; fine art in all its forms such as painting, drawing, sculpture, calligraphy, sculpture, sculpture, collage, and applied arts; architecture; map; art of batik; photography; cinematography; translations, interpretations, adaptations, anthologies, databases, and other works of the adaptations. All of the writings, dramas, musical dramas, all forms of art, batik art, song or music, architecture, lectures, visual aids, maps, translations. Copyright will apply as long as its creator is still alive and 50 years after the creator dies. While computer programs, cinematography, photography, database, and works resulting from valid for 50 (fifty) years since it was first announced.
2. Special Industrial Property Rights related to Industrial Property Rights, in accordance with article 1 of the Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property Rights which has irevisi 1883 and amended on October 2, 1979 is commonly called the Paris Convention, the protection of industrial property law include:
 a. Patent (patens)Patent rights are exclusive rights granted by the State to an Inventor for the invention in the field of technology, which for a given period Invensinya conduct themselves or give consent to others to carry it out. Inventor is a person or several persons acting together implementing an idea poured in activities that produce an invention. Inventor invention is an idea that is poured into a specific problem-solving activities in technology can be either product or process, or improvement and development of products or processes.
 b. Trademark RightsBrand is the mark of an image, names, words, letters, numbers, color composition, or a combination of these elements, having distinguishing features and used in the trading of goods or services. Mendaptkan rights to the brand must register its brand in the Directorate General of IPR Department of Justice. Protection against brands that have been registered is not limited validity period.
  c. Geographical indications and indications of origin of the name à geographic regions of the country, area or place to show the origin of a product based on quality and special nature gografis environment, including natural and human factors. Example: wine Bordeux, Solo Batik, Silk Thailand. d. Right to Industrial Design (Industrial Designs) à a kreai of shape, configuration or composition of lines or colors that contain three-dimensional form of aesthetic value and can be manifested in a pattern of three-dimensional or two-dimensional and can be used to produce a good product and handicraft industry.
PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF IPRSanctions are awarded against the perpetrators of IPR violations, which I will explain only sanctions for copyright infringement and sanctions for violations of any brand. Criminal sanctions against copyright infringement: Pursuant to Article 72 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) Copyright Act one who knowingly transmit, display, distribute, or sell to the public a work or goods resulting from an infringement of copyright or related rights without obtaining permission from copyright owner shall be punished with imprisonment of 5 (five) years and / or a maximum fine of Rp 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah) and the person who intentionally and without right to reproduce for commercial use a computer program shall be punished with imprisonment of 5 (five) years and / or a maximum fine of Rp 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah). Criminal sanctions for violations of the Brand: In accordance with Article 90 of Law Brands Whoever willfully and without the right to use the same brand on the whole with a registered Trademark owned by another party for goods and / or similar services produced and / or traded, shall be punished with imprisonment 5 (five) years and / or a maximum fine of Rp 1,000,000,000.00 (one billion rupiah).

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